"It is the duty of every good citizen to use all the opportunities which occur to him, for preserving documents relating to the history of our country."
-- Thomas Jefferson,
letter to Hugh P. Taylor, October 4, 1823
(source: http://patriotpost.us)
The Writings of George Augustine Washington
from the Original Manuscript Sources 1745-1799, Edited by John C. Fitzpatrick (1931-44),
Preface to the Electronic Edition: Frank E. Grizzard, Jr., Washington Resources
at the University of Virginia Library
American Biographical Directory of the United States Congress (1774-present)
(biographies and information about approximately 12,000 Representatives, Delegates, Resident Commissioners, and Senators, from the 1st through the current Congresses)
U.S. House of Representatives
American and Related History:History of the American Political Process, Founding Fathers, Historical Documents and Events
Source: The Junto Society (http://juntosociety.com)
American Flag, Pledge of Allegiance
(Yahoo: Original 1892, in 16Jun1954 President Eisenhower ordered 'under God' added, Red Skelton's interpretation, History of)
Pledge of Allegiance, Related Posters
"One nation, under God, with liberty and justice for all." Do
these words violate the religious freedom guaranteed by our
Constitution? Last month a federal court declared the Pledge of
Allegiance unconstitutional. Is this absurd? Or is this
religious freedom? Read more about the history of the Pledge,
and its current controversy at these five sites. :
American Treasures: A Matter of Conscience
In 1935, ten-year-old Billy Gobitas wrote to his Pennsylvania
school board explaining that he wouldn't recite the Pledge of
Allegiance because it violated the biblical commandment not to
worship any "graven images." He and his sister were expelled
from school for their beliefs. As you learn about the three
ensuing court decisions, consider the similarities and
differences with the recent Newdow case.
CNN.com: Vast Majority in U.S. Support "Under God"
CNN reports on a Newsweek poll that shows ninety percent of
Americans believe the phrase "under God" should remain in the
Pledge of Allegiance, and that it is acceptable for the
government to promote religious expression, as long as no
specific religion is mentioned. Don't leave without visiting
the links in the sidebar below the text of the Pledge. Those
listed under CNN NewsPass Video require a paid subscription, but
the rest are free. Best clicks are History of the Pledge, and a
printable PDF download of the Newdow v. U.S. Congress court
decision.
The Original Pledge of Allegiance
The Pledge of Allegiance was written 110 years ago to be recited
by school children on Colombus Day, 1892, in celebration of the
quadricentennial of Columbus' arrival. This article from the
USFlag.org site gives a brief history of changes to the Pledge,
up to the most recent change in June of 1954 when the words
"under God" were added. Other pages cover the history of the
flag itself, Flag Day and the Star Spangled Banner.
Story and Meaning of Pledge
So what exactly does "indivisible" mean? Visit FlagDay.org to
learn the meaning of each line of the Pledge, and then scroll
down to read about the two men who both claim to have written
the Pledge of Allegiance. Francis Bellamy and James Upham both
worked at the magazine which published the original Pledge, and
both families said they had evidence to substantiate their
claims of authorship. The matter was settled in 1939 by a
committee of the United States Flag Association. Visit to read
all about it.
Time for Kids: Pledge of Allegiance Under Fire
On June 26, a three judge panel of a California federal court
ruled 2-1 that the Pledge of Allegiance violates the United
States Constitution. This Time for Kids article explains the
controversial decision, and introduces the man who started the
suit: Sacramento father, Michael Newdow. Best clicks are the
comments from kids, which can be read by scrolling with the
purple arrows in the sidebar. Got something to say? Send it in
by clicking on the link at the bottom of the Say What? insert.
(related resources,
education, library, historical documents, american heritage, historical documents)
American Rhetoric Online Speech Bank
(Quote, "Database of and index to 5000+ full text, audio and video versions of public speeches, sermons, legal proceedings, lectures, debates, interviews, other recorded media events, and a declaration or two. See also a special issue: The Rhetoric of 9-11")
Animation: Growth of a Nation 1790-2000
(teacher guide)
10Min/56Kbs
narration, printable
[Source:SBC Knowledge Network Explorer (KNE)
"
A ten minute narrated movie, divided into smaller segments, which
depicts the geographic history of the United States from the beginning
of the nation to fifty states. Geographic elements are interactive, as
is the timeline. It will take sixty seconds to load with a 56K modem. A
teachers' guide is located at
http://www.animatedatlas.com/teachersguide.html#growth-class (Requires
Flash 6.) By Peter Mays.
Grade Level: Early Childhood (K-2), Elementary, Middle School, High
School
Content Area: Education (Alternatives), History & Social Studies
(United States History) [Dewey #973]
Application type: Other Resources" ]
Animated and Interactive
Darkwing Atlas Project: European (+atlas, images) American History
(animated map, Territorial Expansion of the United States 1783-1898,
slavery through 1860, legal status of slavery through 1860)
Historical & Cultural Atlas Resource/Maps
(
natural resources/trade, Ancient Near East, Classical Greece,
Hellenistic World & Roman Republic, Principate & Empire,
Late Antiquity & Early Medieval
)
[
Aegean, Mediterranean, Spain, Mesopotamia, Rome,
Bronze Age, Phoenicians, Athenian, Macedonia, Alexander,
Punic War, Jewish Diaspora, Christianity, Gaul, Barbarians,
Vandals, Vikings
]
American History
(North American Map Archive: Territorial Expansion 1783-1898,
Slavery through 1960, Legal Status of Slavery through 1860
)
Shockwave browser plug-in
required for interactive maps
Static Map Sites: Military from West Point & Historic (U.S.)
[California] Missions Tour (source: Tom's Domain [Tom Simondi] )
If you use this site for reference, please see the citation page
for bibliographic information and formats. Thank you. [Tom Simondi]
(also see his: Aesop's Fables)
(& see below: 'Missions')
Colosseum: A Gladiator's Story (interactive, animated flash) [discovery.com]
(src: [SBC Knowledge Network Explorer]
Grade Level: Early Childhood (K-2), Elementary, Middle School, High
School, College, Adult/Professional;
Content Area: Arts (Architecture), History & Social Studies
(Anthropology / Archaeology), History & Social Studies (World History);
[Dewey #909]
Application type: Information Resources, Activities)
Digital History
( The site's "Ask the HyperHistorian" feature allows users to pose questions to professional
historians. This Web site was designed and developed to support the teaching of American History
in K-12 schools and colleges and is supported by the Department of History and the College of Education at
the University of Houston.
Grade Level: Middle School, High School, College, Adult/Professional
Content Area: Community Interest (Reference Desk), History & Social
Studies (United States History) [Dewey #027] )
Application type: References & Tools. link source: http://www.kn.sbc.com
German History (Wikipedia Encyclopedia)
(also, "The Holy Roman Empire", see Roman/Rome history links below)
German History WWW links
(by Ruti Ungar, The Institute for German History)
Including:
(Middle Ages, Early Modern Period, Nineteenth Century, Twentieth Century,
Sites & Articles on the Web, Text Archives, Journals, Reference Works, Museums,
German Studies, Universities, Libraries, DataBases, Scholarships, Historians and the Web,
Conferences and Events)
Holocaust, The Nuremberg Code
(..Trials of War Criminals Before the Nuremberg Military Tribunals Under Control Council Law No. 10, Vol. 2, Nuremberg, October 1946 - April 1949)
Holocaust of World War II, The:Teachers Net - The Holocaust
[many research links, catergorized and timelines, stories, Operation Paper Clip, histories,
book links, political history, genocide, the SS, the Gestapo, camp lists, the trains...]
(Teacher Net webmaster's quote:
"I always recommend looking through all Holocaust material
with one of your parents, as some of the material can get quite graphic.
They will be able to help you with any questions you have and
you can discuss anything that might make you feel uncomfortable.")
The Holocaust History Project:
is a free archive of documents, photographs, recordings, and essays regarding the Holocaust,
including direct refutation of Holocaust-denial.
Holocausts: Web Genocide Documentation Center
(
Armenian, Cambodia, East Timor, euthanasia, Jewish holocaust, Jewish holocaust timeline,
Kosovo, Macedonia, Poland-Third Reich, Rwanda & Burundi, Nazi occupation forces,
Sierra Leone, Third Reich functionaries, Third Reich bio-profiles, World War II, Yugoslav wars,
+ crimes, conventions, definitions, documents laws, statutes, trials
)
(also see, below: Timelines: Holocaust, The)
Military History Online
(Ancient; Articles; Civil War, Genealogy; Civil War, U.S.; Desert Storm; Horse and Musket; Medal of Honor;
other 19th Century; World War I (WWI); other 20th Century; World War II (WWII);
Renaissance; Vietnam War; War Gaming)
Military, Feudal Warfare - 7th Century A.D.-16th Century A.D., Europe & Middle East
[Battle of Tours, Battle of Hastings, Knights, Persia, Byzantium, Constantinople, Crusades, Charlamagne, Franks, Feudalism, Islam, Islamic, Muslim, Moslem, Barbarians, Romans, Charles Martel, Pax Dei, Christian, Vikings, Pope Leo III, ]
(a Microsoft Powerpoint presentation by Lt. Colonel Mitchell, 21Feb06, berkeley.edu)
Missions Tour [California] (source: Tom's Domain [Tom Simondi] )
If you use this site for reference, please see the citation page for
bibliographic information and formats. Thank you. [Tom Simondi]
(also see his:
Aesop's Fables)
Ottomans - www.theottomans.org
("A chronology, maps, glossary, history, military history,
biographical info, art and cultures of the Ottoman Empire
that has once dominated a large territory from Egypt to Russia, from
India to Austria.
Theottomans.org is written and edited by Mr. Korkut Ozgen, born in
Istanbul and a graduate of History Faculty at Bogazici University,
Istanbul.")
[quote & link source: SBC Knowledge Network Explorer (KNE)]
(Grade Level: Elementary, Middle School, High School
Content Area: Arts (Architecture), Arts (Visual Arts), Community
Interest (Regional Information), History & Social Studies (Cultures),
History & Social Studies (World History) [Dewey #909]
Application type: Information Resources
)
Platitudes with Attitudes Lessons: Platitudes, Etymology, Scientific Method, How to Research, How to Write an Essay, Make a Webpage
(link source: SBC Knowledge Network Explorer, quote,
"Platitudes with Attitudes get students to examine local sayings and then
to "prove them" using the scientific method. A unique blend of history,
language arts and science! Basically you: 1) Assign or have students
choose sayings; 2) research the etymology of their sayings; 3) use the
scientific method to either prove or disprove the saying; 4) post a web
page showing students work. Comes complete with lessons, discussion
board, chats, Education Standards, and updates.
Grade Level: Elementary, Middle School, High School;
Content Area: English (General/Other), History & Social Studies;
(General/Other) [Dewey #800];
Application type: Information Resources")
History for Kids: Ancient Rome
[ "..before the rise of Rome, the Roman Republic, and the Roman Empire.
(Portland State U.) ..what the Romans wore and ate, ..history of Roman pottery.
..general Roman history, a time line, ..ancient Greece and Egypt sections. ]
PBS: The Roman Empire in the First Century (+ K4-9 lesson plans, rubrics, online class resources)
[ "..Emperors, ..poets and philosophers, ..life in the 1st Century AD,
..'Emperor of Rome' game!" ]
Links to:
(Ancient History, World History, Classical Music, Western Art, War, U.S. History, Religion,
Health & Medicine, Mythology, Baseball. Charts printable and for sale)
Year by Year 1900 to 2003 (Factmonster.com)
( + Decade-by-Decade, e.g. 1930-1930 )
andCalendar(s):
Perpetual from 1583-present, related links to Gregorian, Chinese, Hindu, Islamic, & Jewish;
plus "What Happened on a Particular Day in History, or Year"
(more Calendars & Time related links)
"Universal Newsreels" (1929 to 1967)
Quotes from the "Internet Archives" about the newsreels:
"In the pre-TV era, people saw the news every week in their neighborhood movie theaters. ..
released twice a week. .. a fascinating and unique view of an era when motion pictures defined our culture
and were a primary source of visual news reporting. Surviving materials from the entire collection
are available at the
National Archives and Records Administration
in College Park, Maryland."
•
Eye Witness Accounts (.swf, National Archives)
•
Our Democracy (hi-speed, broadband)
"Tunnel Harry"
(an interactive pictographic of ' Harry ', the tunnel began in 1943, that allowed over 70 men to escape from the German POW camp, 'Stalag III', during World War II. This was the same tunnel made famous by the movie 'The Great Escape'. The URL takes you to a site where one of the men, after the War, drew a diagram with explanations of each of the sections. When graphics appear, move cursor over the number (no need to click) to display an explanation of activity. Make sure you take the tour. The last number to 'roll over' is 16. Be sure to look and read the numbers and click 'next' to move along.)
PDReader sites appear to be (temporarily?) down April04
moved to separate test page: http://www.harrold.org/rfhextra/pdreader.html
until fake pdreader.org site is gone.
Roman Numerals:
Quote, "The numbers that we use are called Arabic numbers, as the Europeans learnt them from the Arabs,
although they were invented in India. Romans had a completely different number system."
(quote source:
Giles Edkins and Jo Edkins' Educational & Reference Webpages
If you use or know about any (free access, 'kid safe', or juried) web site(s)
that can help others to teach, study, or to simply explore online learning
opportunities, please send the
web address/URL. (Especially send them if they are useful to Students, Parents, Teachers &/or
Administrators, in the Classroom, Home/Dormitory, as a Library
Supplement, Study Reference; for Pre-School, K-3, Middle School,
High School, Pre-College, College, Graduate, Doctorate,
Vocational, Senior Citizens; or in areas of Special Education,
Braille, Occupational, Career Development, Work & Job Skills or home schooling.)
And, please eMail Corrections, Additions, other Suggestions to:Robert Harrold
It is easy to find New Entries on web pages (like this one) which have LONG
LISTS of URLs by using a FREE program called "Change Agent." It is simple to use and is a real time saver.
You can download it from:C4U v1.32
(source: Poet Patriot)
(also see, below: 
]
